Types of Bipolar Disorder - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1126 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/08/06 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Topics: Bipolar Disorder Essay Did you like this example? Bipolar disorder is a condition that affects everyone differently. There are two types of bipolar disorders, and manifestations are not usually the same in different genders. The disorder is inherited in families that are affected by it, but it is not primarily acquired by the family. Bipolar disorder can also present itself in individuals with no family history of the disorder. The condition can potentially be life-threatening, and individuals suffering from it should seek treatment. Disease or Disorder Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder characterized by episodes of mania, or hypomania, and major depression (Cerimele, Chwastiak, Chan, Harrison, Untzer, 2013). Manifestations of mania are the decreased need for food and sleep, labile mood, irritability, racing thoughts, high distractibility, rapid and pressured speech, inflated self-esteem, and excessive involvement with pleasurable activities (Grossman Porth, 2014). Symptoms of major depression are depressed mood, anhedonia, feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt, decreased concentration, psychomotor agitation or retardation, insomnia or hypersomnia, decreased libido, changes in weight or appetite, and thoughts of death or suicidal ideation (Grossman Porth, 2014). Hypomania is a less extreme type of mania that is not severe enough to impair function and there are no psychotic features (Trakalo, Horowitz, McCulloch, 2015). Rapid cycling is also another manifestation of bipolar disorder and is characterized by four or more s hifts in mood from normal in a 1-year period (Grossman Porth, 2014). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Types of Bipolar Disorder" essay for you Create order Detailed Pathophysiology According to Trakalo, Horowitz, and McCulloch (2015), there is no definitive cause identified for bipolar disorder. It is thought to arise from a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental, and psychosocial factors. Immunological abnormalities might contribute to the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. Mitochondrial dysfunction and stress might also be involved in bipolar disorder. Children of parents with the disorder have a 4%-15% risk of developing it as well. Stress; sleep disruptions; family or caregivers with high emotion; and emotionally overinvolved, hostile and critical communication patterns are associated with heritability. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 and other genes and loci have been determined to have a possible association with bipolar disorder (Trakalo et al., 2015, p. 1809). There are two types of bipolar disorder: bipolar I and bipolar II disorder. Bipolar I disorder is characterized by one or more manic episodes followed by major depressive episodes (Trakalo et al., 2015, p. 1809). Bipolar II is characterized by one or more major depressive episodes followed by at least one hypomanic episode (Trakalo et al., 2015, p. 1809). Trakalo et al. (2015) state the disorder tends to be recurrent and tends to increase in frequency with age. Bipolar disorder usually appears between ages 15 and 30. Risk factors include family history, drug abuse, periods of high stress, and major life-altering events. Women and men are at equal risk, but women are more likely to experience rapid cycling, depressive symptoms, and are at a greater risk for alcohol abuse (Trakalo et al., 2015, p. 1809). Behavioral or Psychosocial Related Issues Individuals with bipolar disorder vary in behavior, depending on what episode they are currently having. Trakalo et al. (2015) explain that the patient may be euphoric when they are manic, and their behaviors will be excessive. They may alter between euphoric and irritable, and increased sexual behavior is common. Women may dress in a seductive manner, and grandiosity can reach delusional proportions. Manic patients do not believe they are sick, even when there is financial or legal trouble, and often refuse treatment. Hypomanic patients feel like they are on top of the world and do not recognize behavior changes in themselves, but those who know them well are aware of changes in behavior (Trakalo et al., 2015). Genetics or Genomics Bipolar disorder is a highly heritable disease, with a prevalence of about 85% in twins (Schulze Ozkan, 2017). How the disorder is inherited is unclear, but the risk of developing the condition is higher for first-degree relatives (Bipolar disorder, n.d.). Studies have found that variations in many genes can combine to increase the risk of getting the disorder; however, further research has not verified the genetic variations (Bipolar disorder, n.d.). Related Nursing Process Individuals with bipolar disorder are at risk for injury and have disturbed thought processes, impaired social interaction, self-care deficits, sleep deprivation, and are at risk for suicide (Trakalo et al., 2015, p. 1813). According to Trakalo et al. (2015), the safety of the individual should be of great concern. They should be in a safe environment with reduced stimuli. Low lighting can be used to calm a manic patient. Smoking materials should be removed or prohibited, and smoking should only be allowed under direct supervision. Nurses should facilitate the patients ability to interact with others and identify behavior that needs to be changed. Tasks that will help improve interactions with others should be assigned. Mediation between the patient and others may be needed if the patient shows negative behavior (Trakalo et al., 2015, p. 1814). Intake and output should be monitored because the manic patient may be unable to sit down and eat (Trakalo et al., 2015, p. 1815). High-calorie finger foods and nutritious liquids should be given if the patient cannot eat because of hyperactivity (Trakalo et al., 2015, p. 1815). Hyperactive patients that are unable or unwilling to perform activities of daily living should be assisted (Trakalo et al., 2015, p. 1815). Constipation is a common occurrence because manic patients suppress the urge to defecate (Trakalo et al., 2015, p. 1815). Conclusion Bipolar disorder manifests in episodes of mania and depression and varies in severity. There is no definitive cause for the disorder, but it is believed to arise from a combination of many factors. Women and men are at equal risk; however, the symptoms usually differ by gender. Behavior changes can place the patient at risk due to hyperactivity or depression. Hyperactivity can cause a deficiency in self-care, therefore, finger-food that is high in calories should be provided for snacking on the go. Depression also places the patient at risk for suicidal thoughts. Although the cause is unknown, heredity of the disease is high. Bipolar disorder symptoms are often not recognized by the patient, and they may not believe they are sick. Safety is critical for patients with this disorder. References Bipolar disorder Genetics Home Reference NIH. (n.d.). Retrieved September 30, 2018, from https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/bipolar-disorder Cerimele, J. M., Chwastiak, L. A., Chan, Y.-F., Harrison, D. A., Untzer, J. (2013). The presentation, recognition and management of bipolar depression in primary care. JGIM: Journal of General Internal Medicine, 28(12), 1648â€Å"1656. https://doi-org.db07.linccweb.org/10.1007/s11606-013-2545-7 Grossman, S. C. Porth, C. M. (2014). Porths pathophysiology: Concepts of altered health states (9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams Wilkins. Schulze, T. G., Ozkan, S. (2017). Update on Research into the Genetics and Pharmacogenetics of Bipolar Disorder. Dusunen Adam: Journal of Psychiatry Neurological Sciences, 30(3), 165â€Å"169. https://doi-org.db07.linccweb.org/10.5350/DAJPN20173003001 Trakalo, K., Horowitz, L., McCulloch, A. (Eds.). (2015). Nursing: A concept-based approach to learning (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.

The Notions of Justice in The Republic and Antigone

Within two classical works of philosophical literature, notions of justice are presented plainly. Plato’s The Republic and Sophocles’ Antigone both address elements of death, tyranny and immorality, morality, and societal roles. These topics are important elements when addressing justice, whether in the societal representation or personal representation. Antigone uses the concept of death in many ways when unfolding the tragic story of Antigone and her rebellion. The most obvious way is how death is used as a form of capital punishment and justice against state-dubbed criminals and wrongdoers. The play first exhibits this notion when Antigone states, â€Å"No passing humor, for the edict says who’er transgresses shall be stoned to death†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Unlike in Antigone, Plato writes about man’s fear of death, and how that fear can be used against him. Socrates states, â€Å"Can any man be courageous who has the fear of death in hi m?† (Plato, Book 3). Socrates looks at the use of death for justice as something base because it reduces man to primitive behavior. In the previous quote, he specifically states that man cannot be functional when there is a looming fear of fatal justice hanging over one’s head. Although this notion of death as a tool for justice does not correlate with the notion of death in Antigone, both works view death as something justifying life. In The Republic, Cephalus addresses death as something man needs to enter with a clean conscience. He states, â€Å"It keeps him from having to leave life in the fear or owing debts to men or sacrifices to the gods,† (Plato, Book 1). While this quote also emphasizes Plato’s point that it is not just to use the fear of death for punishment, it also shows that death brings a complete closure and ultimate justification to all lives once ended. Tyranny and immorality are key notions presented in Antigone when referring to justic e. In this play, Creon is presented to be a tyrannical and irrational ruler, while Antigone rejects this system and ultimate dies because of it. Creon views leadership in a selfish, immoral manner. When speaking to his son about his rule, he states, â€Å"The state is his who rules it, so ‘tis held†Show MoreRelatedJustification of Creon in Antigone by Sophocles Essay994 Words   |  4 PagesJustification of Creon in Antigone by Sophocles Antigone is a tragic play written by Sophocles in about 441b.c. The play is a continuation of the curse put upon the household of Oedipus Rex. Sophocles actually wrote this play before he wrote Oedipus, but it follows Oedipus in chronological order. The story of Antigone begins after the departure of Oedipus, the king of Thebes, into self-exile. Oedipus’ two sons, Eteocles and Polyneices, were left to rule over Thebes. An argument over rightsRead MoreThe Origin, Development and Significance of Human Rights10255 Words   |  42 Pagesancient Greece and Rome, where it was closely tied to the doctrines of the Stoics, who held that human conduct should be judged according to, and brought into harmony with, the law of nature. A classic example of this view is given in Sophocles play Antigone, in which the title character, upon being reproached by King Creon for defying his command not to bury her slain brother, asserted that she acted in accordance with the immutable laws of the gods. In part because Stoicism played a key role in its

Memory Speech Outline free essay sample

The short-term memory is also known as â€Å"memory for now† by Dr. Douglas Mason. e. It is called memory for now because it encompasses everything in our conscience state. f. We take the information in, decide if we want it, then it is lost or kept depending on the decision. g. According to Dr. Elizabeth Loftus, this decision has to be made in less than thirty seconds before it is lost forever. i. Larry Squire and Eric Kandel, in â€Å"Memory, from Mind to Molecules† state that one way we help our short-term memory out is through habituation. i. Habituation is defined as â€Å"to frequent†, and we frequent a thought through our short-term memory to ensure that we can remember it. h. It is to the humans benefit that we do not remember everything though. i. If we consciously rehearse the information through our short-term memory, it can be sent to our long-term memory. We will write a custom essay sample on Memory Speech Outline or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page III. Long-term memory holds information that can be recalled from previous experiences and is often called â€Å"memory for later†. j. Melinda Smith says that long-term memory is based out of three main areas. iii. Things that hold significance to you. iv. Materials that are essential to us. v. Emotional impact, good or bad. k. The long term memory doesn’t only hold old information. l. Long-term can hold information from a conversation you just had with someone as well as information that you retained years ago. m. Dr. Elizabeth Loftus estimated that â€Å"within one lifetime, the long-term memory records as many as one quadrillion separate bits of information. † n. This monumental amount of information sits in your head waiting to be retrieved. o. Retrieval is a process only done by the long term memory. p. If you successfully retrieve something, then that information you studied or story you account, was certainly retained in your long term memory. Conclusion I. To recap, I told you about the three areas of your memory. a. We went over the sensory memory. b. I discussed the working memory, or the short-term memory. c. Finally, the long term memory, that is so crucial to a college student’s success. II. And in the words of Alfred Mercier, â€Å"What we learn with pleasure we never forget. †

The Nielsen Company Problems and Challenges in Saudi Arabian Market

Executive Summary This study gives an analysis of Nielsen Company with respect to problems the company faces in the market. The study begins by presenting a brief overview of the company. The review has indicated that the company has been in the market over a long period, an aspect that has significantly helped it in creating competitive advantage.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Nielsen Company: Problems and Challenges in Saudi Arabian Market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The study then gives a clear statement of the problem; which is unhealthy competition, which has negatively affected Nielsen in its effort to maximize its profits. Unhealthy competition has also led to a devastating fall in prices. This has led to the need for evaluation of the existing literature and then the possible solutions for this problem. Finally, several recommendations have been proposed. Company background: Overview N ielsen Company is one of the most successful companies in the world. Having been established in 1923 by Arthur Nielsen, currently, the organization has extended its operations across the world. Nielsen was one of the founders of the modern marketing research industry. In addition, Nielson played a very significant role in marketing research, through making several innovations in most of the consumer-focused marketing media research. Nielsen is also responsible for creation of unique methods of measurements that provided clients with potent and objective information about the impacts of marketing and sales programs on respective returns and profits (Nielson Par 3). Nielson spent time in clarification of the concept of market share and its importance in determining corporate performance. In current business world, the market is characterized by a very high level of competition among the competitors. This is more so for the global market where consumers are interconnected with increase d access to volumes of digital information. Nielson Company employs a complicated system of data collection methodologies and measurements in an attempt to utilize new and traditional data information into consumer intelligence. Through its services, the company has helped various organizations in management of their individual brands, launching and facilitating the growth of new products in the market, as well as optimizing on the necessary media mix. Consequently, the company has helped numerous companies around the world in developing a meaningful customer relationship globally. Nielsen opened its first international office in the United Kingdom in 1939, shortly after the beginning World War II. Later, the company continued with expansion of its services to other areas in the world. For instance, it extended its operations to Australia, Japan, and Western Europe.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In these stages of early development, the company used the merging system in order to adopt fast in its new market. For instance, the company increased its presence in Asia Pacific by achieving control over the Survey Research Group. The company also acquired AMER World Research Group in the Middle East and Africa in late 1990s, which led to expansion of the company in these regions. In the year 2001, Nielson made a great achievement when it became a part of VNU. Nielson offers high quality market information gathered from various places from a wide range of places collected in the most efficient way. It also offers advanced management tools, as well as sophisticated analytical systems. In addition, the company provides respective feasible methodologies in effort to help their clients in identification of the best paths of growth. The company is also committed in providing the best services in a professional way to its clients in an effort to maximiz e their satisfaction by helping them meet their goals. In many cases, Nielson Company works closely with its clients in measuring their market performance in order to be able to take appropriate steps. The company also helps organizations in analyzing their market dynamics. This is another important service that Nielsen Company offers to its clients, which is of great significance as it helps an organization in making critical decisions. Another service offered by the company is diagnosing and solving marketing and sales problems. This service has attracted a significant number of the clients as each company attempts to maximize its sales. Finally, the company helps their clients in capturing new opportunities, which is the main factor that determines the company’s success. In this case, the company plays a pivotal role to many organizations in helping them to determine right set of information. Nielson Company has been leading in measurement and information in the market res earch for many years. This information has been of great importance to many organizations in their attempt to understand their clients. The company has given innovation the first stance in its operations. This has significantly helped the organizations in maintaining pace with the emerging market trends. After having been in the market for many years, the company has managed to come up with necessary information in identifying of what consumers watch and buy by developing clear insights on consumer behaviour. These top qualities have significantly contributed to the reputation of the organization all over the world. Problem Statement In the modern business world, the market has become highly competitive. This has been characterized by increased rate of entrance of new players in the market with an almost constant level of customers. The market has also become sophisticated with the globalization process.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Nielsen Com pany: Problems and Challenges in Saudi Arabian Market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In order to survive in such a business world, every company needs to employ necessary measures in order to retain its comparative advantage. This is one of the major problems facing Nielsen Company in its efforts to maximize its profits. The company is engaged in market operations that are characterized by a very high level of competition. This unhealthy competition has led to price wars, which have negatively affected the company’s performance. It has led to a substantial reduction in the level of the company’s returns. For instance, profits have fallen to almost unsustainable levels as a result of competition among the rival companies. Each company tries to under price its competitors in order to win customers, and in the process, the prices fall far below the desired levels. Given these market conditions, the major challenge is winn ing and retaining customers into an organization. This becomes very critical. This is one of the major problems facing the Nielson Company. Despite its good performance over the past, the company has been faced by numerous problems, threatening the overall performance of the organization in both the short and the long run. Literature Review Through the process of globalization, the contemporary market has become very sophisticated. The market has been characterized by a high level of competition, which has negatively affected the organizations involved. The main impact of this competition to these organizations is price wars. In this study, price war is seen as the market situation where the main competitors target at reducing their competitors’ market shares by progressively reducing their prices. According to Bungert, price wars should be terminated before reaching devastating levels (2). This is because persistence of such a situation will lead to a complete fall of some o f these. This can be achieved through liaisons between the competitors. However, this becomes too complicated especially when there are many players in the market. Another challenge is that many companies will be reluctant to give their information about their strategies. This implies that in analyzing such a problem, information on such kind of data will only be estimated. Therefore, finding the solution to these problems will be complicated. Over the past, Nielsen has encountered intense competition in its market network, a situation that has threatened its performance in the market. For instance, intense competition has frequently led to prolonged pricing wars between the company and other market research rivals like Information Resources, Inc. (IRI) (Nielson Par 5). A good example is the supermarket scanner information sector, which had a significant negative impact on Nielsen Company in 1990s. This affected the company’s performance in both the short run and long run.Adv ertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As already noted, one of the main problem of unhealthy competition is the pricing wars. When many players enters into the market while the number of consumers remains constant, this leads to a high level of competition as each player try to win more customers in the market (Bungert 2). The only slogan in this case becomes the price. In this case, each company will be aiming at out-pricing its competitors. Consequently, this leads to fall in prices up to unsustainable levels and threatens the performance of Nielsen’s company. As a result of fall in prices, the company’s total returns will automatically fall. Meanwhile, the company will be forced to increase its expenses on promotion in order to retain or win more customers in increasingly competitive market. This will increase general expenses or operational costs. On the other hand, the total revenue will be falling as a result of fall in prices. In 1996, Dun Bradstreet announced a plan to detach itself by forming thre e separate public companies. The decision for the split was as a result of the problems of high level of competition in the market which triggered prices wars among the competing companies. This split posed another major negative impact on top of price war. Nielson was left now alone to face these challenges, which threatened the survival of the company. The Main Players or Actors Who Contributed To the Problem Several causes have led to the problem that had driven Nielsen Company almost to its downfall point, thus triggering factors that undermine the performance of the company. One of the key players who have threatened the performance of the company is its competitions. These posed unhealthy competition that has led to price wars. Consequently, this has led to a fall on the average level of returns. Another threat associated with competitors is the struggle for the available customers. Each player is determined to win customers away from its rivals. This has forced Nielson to inv est more in promoting its services. However, this approach increases expenses hence shrinking the profit margins. One of the main rivals to Nielsen is Information Resources, Inc. whose operations have negatively impacted on the company’s level of performance. Dun Bradstreet has also negatively impacted on the company’s performance. This was around 1996 when the company decided to split in order to detach itself from its less profitable decisions. Another key player who has contributed to Nielsen’s problems is the Arbitron Company, which has posed a significant level of competition that has contributed to fall in prices significantly. The management of the company also played a significant part in the reduction of the level of profitability. Nielson managed to recover almost immediately after getting a new CEO (Nielson Par 5).This implies that the management is also contributing to the fall. There is an opportunity for the management to change the operations of t he company in order to improve its profitability; these include increased efficiency in the company’s operations among others. Alternative Solutions as To How This Problem Can Be Alleviated As already seen, Nielsen has been faced with high level of competition in both the Saudi Arabia and the global market. Therefore, there is a need to come up with effective strategic plans in order to win customers from competitors. The company should also put more effort in developing its competitive advantage. One of the ways through which this problem can be eliminated is through unilateral pricing. Unilateral pricing can solve the problem of price wars if the participating companies can commit themselves fully to the agreement (Bungert 3). Another method that the company can apply to solve this problem is application of the necessary marketing and promotional tools. This will help the company in creating comparative advantage over its competitors. This problem can also be compressed by development of an effective organizational culture, which can help the company to increase its efficiency. Indeed, high level efficiency enables an organization in reducing its operational costs hence increasing its profitability. How Each Alternative Can Be Implemented Coordinated pricing Unilateral pricing is one of the main ways through which a company can solve the problem of unhealthy competition that leads to price wars. Through unilateral pricing, the competing companies come up with a certain price, which each company should adhere to. In this method, the competing companies jointly increase their prices uniformly. This helps all the players in increasing their profitability levels. However, the level of competition remains constant even after application of this strategy. However, this method suffers from the fact that some companies may fail to commit themselves fully in the agreement. Marketing One of the ways through which the company can improve on its performance is th rough marketing. In every organization, there are some key marketing management decisions, which play a pivotal role in determining the performance of an organization. Managers have the ability to control these variables in their attempt to maximize the satisfaction level of their customers (Silk, 150). These include the product, price, distribution, and management. In every day operations of an organization, the total number of sales it makes plays a very important role in determining the overall performance. However, the number of sales made is in most cases directly proportional to the number of customers. At Nielsen, marketing can significantly help in solving the current problem. The main target in every organization is to maximize the level of sales. In this case, Nelson Company’s sales are determined by the total number of clients seeking its services. However, it requires an organization to invest in marketing and also be able to come up with best marketing strategies which would help in maximizing sales. In the current business world, the market has become extremely competitive due to entrant of many players in the market. In the case of the research, information on consumer’s behaviour has increased significantly over the past. In order for any organization to be successful in the market, they need to have effective marketing strategies. This will help an organization to reach as many customers as possible hence maximizing its sales. It is important to note that it is necessary to bring to consumer’s information the availability of the product or services in the in the market. Even though the company has well developed market, the company needs to retain the stability of these markets. It will be advisable for the organization to take the necessary steps in order to promote its product. Public relations Public relations can significantly help the company in expansion of its level of sales. According to Pezzullo, public relations play an important role in helping an organization and its public in adapting mutually to each other (Par 4). Several companies have applied public relations technique in increasing their sales. A good example of such a company is Jean’s Coffees Company. The company uses this method by creating a good picture on the eyes of the media hence encouraging positive commentary from them. This significantly contributes in promoting the company products in its market networks. Through public relations, Nielsen can be able to develop a good relationship with the public. This will significantly help in strengthening the bond between itself and its clients. In many cases, Nielsen maintains long-term contracts with its clients since it offers recurrent services. One advantage of this method is that is possible to reach a large number of customers (Tutor2 Par 3). This reduces the average costs of marketing the product. The message sent through public relations seems more credible as they a re viewed as coming from different parties (Tutor2 par 4). This improves on the effectiveness in enticing consumers to buy the product. Some of the tools, which the company can use through public relations, are tools like magazines and newspapers, which have of great importance to many companies. However, this method suffers from the fact that the company may lose control. For instance, the Company cannot be able to convince all the people what to say or write about them. Promotion Over the past, most of the most successful companies have applied promotion tools in their operations. These organizations have recorded a high rate of expansion and growth, which has been the main factor, which has contributed to their success. In the global market, the success of many organizations can be attributed to the well-structured promotion strategies as a part of their marketing mix. There are several methods of promotion. These include advertising, public relations, personal selling, and media . Advertising Advertising plays a pivotal role in determining the success of an organization especially in the global market, which is characterized by consumers with a diverse background, and high level of competition. In advertising, Nielsen Company can use several types of media to pass information to its potential customers. This method of promotion can have huge impact especially when the company is extending its services in new market network. The company can apply variety of media including printed, broadcasting and display media. Television is one of the frequently used media by many companies. One of the main advantages for using television is because it helps the company to reach a greater number of its target audience. This is more so bearing in the mind the fact that the company is involved in the global market where it may be very expansive to use other methods. Therefore, this media lowers the promotion cost per head. Through this method of advertisement, the Nielsen w ill manage to build its brand in new markets. Over the past, this method has yielded good returns through increased level of sales. Another method of advertisement which can be applicable to Nielsen Company is the display media. This method has also significantly contributed in increasing the level of sales in various organizations. Through the display media, the company uses eye attracting pictures which easily attracts the attention of the targeted audience in the market. Consequently, the company manages to pass information more easily to the group. One major advantage of this medium of advertisement is that it is more cost effective. It does not require large sums of money like in the case of television. Advertisement as a method of promotion is associated with a number of advantages. To start with, advertisement is effective in reaching a wide range of audience (Trehan, and Trehan 35).This is more so when advertising is conducted through a media covers a large number of people. The method will reach greater number of people compared to other methods like the sales promotion. Another advantage of this method is that it is most effective in creating awareness. When the audience views a certain advert on television regularly, this increases their awareness of the presence of the product in the market. This builds their curiosity to try the new product. In this case, this method will help the company in winning new clients in new markets. This significantly helps in increasing the level of sales. Again, advertising helps in building customer trust through repetition of the main brand and product. Despite of these achievements of advertising as a method of promotion, it suffers some limitations. To start with, this method is impersonal and therefore it becomes impossible to answer the customer’s questions. However, when a product is introduced in a new market, customers usually have some questions about the product. In this case, some potential clients may be wishing to ask some questions from Nielson on the services provided in depth. In this case, there is a need to have close interaction with potential clients in order to win them. The company will also not be in a position to understand the needs of their potential clients. For instance, it becomes difficult to pick views from the potential customers through this method of promotion. This may limit the success of promotion to some extent. When used on its own, this method is not effective in inducing potential customers to make their final decisions in choosing the company’s product. In other words, this method is not hundred per cent reliable in convincing the customers to choose the product from the company in question. Sales promotion One way through which Nielsen can invite a larger figure of customers is through sales promotion. Sales promotion can significantly help an organisation in expanding the number of its customers or clients hence boosting the level of sal es. In addition, sales promotion has been of great importance in creating consumer awareness. Through promotion, the company will manage to bring its potential customers to awareness of the service in the market. This method has been of great importance especially to these companies venturing into a new market. In some regions, most of the people may not be aware of the company’s product. In this case, it becomes very difficult to sell the product in such market. However, the company can overcome this barrier through sales promotion. This attracts customers hence increasing the level of sales. One advantage of using sales promotion is that it can stimulate quick increases in sales by targeting promotional incentives on particular products. These can significantly help in improving the performance of the organisation in the short run. This method has helped several companies in increasing the sales in their market networks (Trehan and Trehan 57). This method has been of great importance when the company is venturing into a new market. As already noted, Nielsen has been spreading at a very high rate. For instance, the company has been extending its services in other parts of the world in a very high rate. In such new networks, most of the people may not be aware of the company’s services. In this case, it becomes very difficult to sell the services in such a market. However, the company can manage to bring awareness to the potential customers through sales promotion. This attracts customers hence increasing the level of sales. In this case, Nielsen will manage to expand its market despite of the high level of competition. One advantage of using sales promotion is that it can stimulate quick increases in sales by targeting promotional incentives on particular products. These can significantly help in improving the performance of the organisation in the short run. Personal selling This is a process where the sellers engage in oral communication with the potential buyers with an aim of making a sale. This method can significantly help Nielsen in developing new markets. Through this method, the company manages to convince potential customers to go for its services. This helps in winning consumers from the competitors in the market. One advantage of this method is that it is interactive and therefore possible to get the feedback from the customers on their views over the services provided. This helps the company in analyzing the tastes of consumers in a certain region. Through this method, the company manages to pass important details about its product to its customers. This method however suffers from the limitation that it is not possible to reach a very large number of people. Therefore, it proves impotent in some cases where the market is too big especially in this case where the company is involved in the global market. This method is also costly as it requires the organisation to hire more sales force which comes along with hidden costs. This has negatively affected the productivity of the organisation. Importance of promotion as a policy mix in overcoming the problem In every organisation, promotion is a very important practice in determining the success of an organisation. This is because the level of sales which a company makes is determined by the effectiveness of its promotional process. Therefore, it is necessary for organizations to invest in promotional activities. Promotion as one of the marketing mix plays a very important role every organisation. In the current business world, the market has become very competitive than any other time. Consumer expectations have also significantly changed. This situation has increased the need to have a clear promotion strategy. To Gloria Jeans Coffee’s, promotion has contributed to the success of the organisation in various way. Through promotional activities, Nielsen Company can reduce any confusion to the consumer in the oversaturated market where several companies are providing similar services. In the current business world, many consumers have developed a culture of looking for the promotions before purchasing. Therefore, it is important to conduct promotion in order to attract such kinds of consumers in an organisation. However, it is necessary to analyze the returns to associated with the promotion exercise (Anonymous par 7). If returns are low, promotion measure should be discarded. Another importance of promotion to the organization is provision an extra incentive to choose the service. For instance by providing promotions to the consumers, it gives them a chance to realize the quality of the services provided. This can significantly help in attracting potential customers going for the services provided by the company. Some limitations of promotion to the organisation One of the main reverse effects of promotion activities is the fact that some consumers may just sit back and wait for the incentives. In such cases, the organisation fails to realize the desired aims of promotional activities. This implies that the company does not compensate for the funds spent in providing incentives to such consumers. In executing promotion as a marketing mix, the company incurs some costs. This has significantly reduced the profit margins of the company. Again, customers may tend to lower their demand in order to receive promotion. In this case, the promotional activities bring about reverse effects. When this happens, the promotional exercise fails as it will lead to losses. Development of organizational culture Another way through which Nielsen can manage to win more customers as well as developing its competitive advantage is by developing an organizational culture. The level of competition seems to be intensifying with time. Therefore it is expected that the level of competition will be even high in the future. Therefore, it will be advisable for the organization to develop a culture which will facilitate i ts success. Organizational culture can be defined as tacit but understood regulations in a particular organization which determines what is regarded as right or wrong, necessary or unnecessary, and how an organization responds to any deviation from day to day activities. Every member of an organization must be familiar with this code in order to direct their behaviour as expected by other members of an organization. All new members must internalize this code which enables them to behave accordingly. Organizational culture bonds employees together as one which promotes realization of the organizational goals. In every organization, culture plays a major role in directing the conduct of employees. The employees will always tend to behave according to the cultural specifications of an organization. One of the most surprising aspects of the organizational culture is that we can encounter similar organizations under the same environment and in some cases with similar technologies but wit h different organizational cultures. As already noted, organizational culture assists new employees in an organization to know the correct way in which to conduct their behaviour. This significantly reduces inefficiencies which are associated with absorption of new employees. Therefore, creating and sustaining a culture at Nielsen is very important in promoting the company’s success. The company should therefore pay a critical attention in creating as well as sustaining organizational culture. Creating an organizational culture As already noted, organizational culture plays a very important role in shaping the behaviour of employees. Organizational culture therefore significantly contributes to the success of an organization. Weak organizational cultures are associated with poor performance in the respective organizations. Since a culture is difficult to change once engraved in employees, it is important for the leaders to be careful while creating organizational cultures. St rong cultures are associated with innovation and growth. Therefore, creation of a strong culture will help Nielsen in surviving in a competitive market. It will improve its efficiency which will help in retaining its operations in the market. There are three main sources of the organizational culture. According to Schein, organizational culture can result from the values, assumptions, and beliefs of the founders of a particular organization (219). The founders of an organization plays a vital role in the establishment of the organizational culture since they determines the environment under which the first group of employees in an organization will work as well as the organization’s missions. Consequently, the first founders will determine the manner in which the first group will react in an effort to be fit in the organization’s environment. The founders of an organization also have a major impact on the way an organizations handles the external problems and the manne r in which problems are handled. Due to the fact that the founders of an organizations holds the original idea, they therefore have their own way on how to fulfil their ideas which is based on the personalities and their cultural history. However, some of these methods may not be efficient. In 1990s, when the market was characterized any unhealthy competition which led to price wars, Nielson was very optimistic after receiving a new Chief Executive Officer, Trivisonno. He was very determined to change the situation within the shortest period in order to save the company from a complete fall (Nielsen par 9). The new CEO decided to streamline the company’s operations and other strategies to revive the organization. Through these efforts, the CEO managed to increase Nielsen’s profitability within a very short time (Nielsen par 10). Organizational culture can also spring out from the learning experience of the members of a particular organization in the process of developm ent (Schein 219). As an organization continues to mature, employees can develop a culture from the experiences they encounter in the process. For instance, employees may be faced by a certain problem over a certain period of time. With time, these employees may develop a culture of solving that particular problem based on the methods which has worked best over the past. This strategy will significantly help Nielsen in developing a competitive advantage. Finally, culture can also result from new values, assumptions and beliefs which are integrated in the organization through the new members (Schein 219). When new employees get recruited into organizations, they come along with new ways of doing things. Although they are encouraged to adapt the culture of their new organization, some aspects of their previous culture will always be reflected in their behaviour. Through their interaction with other employees, new employees may export some aspects of their former culture. With time, the se aspects get engraved in the culture of an organization. At this point, it is important for the leaders to ensure that only strong aspects of culture are imported from other organizations. Otherwise, this may lead to importation of failure related cultural aspects. There are several main steps which are necessary in creating a strong organizational culture. These steps are important for Nielsen as they will increase its ability to sustain itself in a competitive market. To start with, an organization must define its goals. This will enhance an organization to identify the changes it needs to carry out on its culture. This is based on intensive research on each of these methods. After defining its goals, an organization should then identify the strongly performing aspects of culture. An organization should make an effort of developing and retaining such aspects. Then, an organization should modify its daily working procedures in order to improve on its performance (Plante par 4). A fter creating a strong organizational culture, it is also important to put efforts of sustaining the culture. According to Schein, a culture cannot survive if the main culture carriers depart or if there is conflict over the ideas by the leaders. Conflict leads to cultural instability hence poor performance by these organizations. On adapting to these changes, Nielson will be able to win the customers from its competitors. As an effort to sustain effective organizational culture, every organization should make an effort of giving new employees the procedures which guides the behaviour of every employee in an organization (Frost 29). Employees should be informed about the most important rules in the organization. For instance, the leaders should always remind employees about the rules which have a significant impact on the performance level of an organization. An organization can also sustain its culture through formal statements of the philosophy (Anonymous par 5). This can be throu gh mission statement, vision statement or statement of the values guiding an organization. Nielson’s SWOT analysis In every organisation, the SWOT analysis is very important in enabling an organisation to determine its position in the market. This analysis also enables an organisation in detecting its areas of weaknesses which is necessary in formulation of the necessary policies. This analysis also provides an organisation with a clear understanding of its strengths. The SWOT analysis also provides information about the opportunities available in the market for the company. This information is necessary in providing an organisation with the necessary information about the market. SWOT analysis is one of the most valuable resources which provide the executives with important information that is necessary in making critical decisions. In other words, SWOT analysis is of great significance in understanding of the key information concerning the company. Strengths Nielsen Company has several strengths which have significantly contributed to the achievements which the company has recorded over the past. These strengths have also helped the company in surviving in its competitive market environment which characterized with a very high level of competition. The major strength of the Nielsen Company lies on the fact that the company has managed to capitalize on research innovation. Research and innovation is one of the main strategies which have been applied by most successful companies in an effort to improve their services to the clients. Research and innovation contributes in consumer satisfaction. Through research, Nielsen has managed to maintain a constant high level of development on its product. This has enabled the organization in providing high quality services. This has enabled the company to retain its customers. Research and innovation has also contributed in developing the company’s comparative advantage. Over the past, the company has kept a good record for provision of high quality data with high level of integrity. This has led in development of the company’s reputation in its market networks which has led to improvement in the level of sales. This has also led to improvement in the company’s reputation. Other strength of the company is based on the fact that the company has managed to capitalize on the weakness of its competitors. For instance, the company has given more attention on measures which can lead to reduction of its operational expenses. Consequently, the company will be able to under price its competitors. In other words, the company has managed to change its operations in order to adjust accordingly with changes in the market conditions. For instance, the company streamlined its operations with the help of its newly elected chief executive officer in 1990s. Nielson has also managed to acquire the ownership of some of the famous companies in the industry which causes competition to the com pany. This has significantly helped the company in expanding its market share. For instance, Nielson has recently taken under control of the IAG. IAG research measures the effectiveness of the advertising and program engagement. IAG works with a wide range of clients which includes advertisers, internet providers, telecommunications services and content providers. On the other hand, Nielson measures what consumer views. Therefore, the combination of the two entities will significantly lead to the improvement of the services offered by the company. This will also help in winning more customers as a result of merging these two entities. This has helped in development of a comparative advantage over other companies. Finally, the company has a wide range of data collection tools. This is unlike in the case of other companies which have been over relying on a few tools in data collection. This therefore distinguishes Nielsen Company from other similar companies. This achievement has enab led the company to provide deeper insight into current markets. This has significantly helped these companies in expanding their services. Weaknesses The main weakness of the company is based on the fact that it has not managed to diversify on its operations. Diversification can help an organisation in surviving in a competitive market. This is because its overall profitability is not significantly affected in case one field fails. Opportunities Despite of the tough times that Nielson had been undergoing over difficult moments, the company has some opportunities. These opportunities have favoured the company over its competitors. One of the main opportunities of the company is kits ability to grow very fast. Over the past, the company has recorded a very high rate of growth. Another opportunity of the company lies on the fact that the company has been in the industry for a long period. The company has previously recorded good performance in terms of expansion. For instance, the comp any has acquired several companies through mergers. This has significantly favoured the company’s operations. The company has also managed to target best market opportunities in its networks. This has significantly helped the company in improving on kits level of sales. Threats At Nielsen Company, there are several threats which have undermined the performance of the organization both in the short and the long run. These factors have posed a big danger to the organization in the effort to maximize its profits. One of the main threats which pose a major danger to the company is the high level of competition. The company has been faced with a very high level of competition. As already seen, companies offering market research services like Information Resources, Inc. (IRI) has posed a major threat to Nielsen. Over the recent past, more players have been entering into the market which has led to these companies crowding in same clients. This competition has led to prices wars, a situation which has led to fall in prices to almost below the equilibrium level. This has posed a big problem to Nielsen. Such unhealthy competition leads to the reduction of the total revenue, a situation which has lowered the profitability of the organization. Implications of the study for future use This study is of great importance to the company in the future. It has provided enlightenment to the company which has significance implication for the future. This is more so to the international corporations whose operations are extended in various countries. In he future business world, the level of competition is expected to be extremely high. This implies that only those companies with a well developed competitive advantage will manage to survive in such markets efficiently. This study will therefore be of great significance as it helps organizations in developing their competitive advantage. The study has indicated that Nielson recovered very first after the new Chief Executive Officer took over control of the company. This has a critical implication in the future. It indicates that the leadership can significantly affect the performance of an organisation. The new CEO managed to make necessary adjustments which led to a sudden improvement in the company’s level of performance. The new CEO decided to streamline the company’s operations, after which the company recorded an improvement in its level of performance. This implies that it will be important for organizations to adjust accordingly depending on the prevailing conditions. This will require organizations to have a perpetual reconsideration of their strategies in order to adjust accordingly. Some strategies are feasible in some conditions while the same strategies may prove impotent in other situations. Conclusion and Recommendations In conclusion, this dissuasion has clearly shown that Nielsen has encountered severe problems in the market. The root of the problem is the high level of co mpetition which has affected the profitability of the organisation. Unhealthy competition has led into price wars between Nielsen and its rival in the market. As a result the company has suffered from increased expenses in an attempt to win back and retain its customers. The level of competition continues to increase as more competitors enter into the market. It is recommended that every organisation make necessary adjustments in order to be able to combat the problems which result from excessive and unhealthy competition. The study has indicated that prices wars have led to the fall in prices. Therefore, it is Advisable for the company to make necessary adjustments in order to reduce the overall operational costs. This will help in compensating any reduction in prices as a result of excessive competition. The company can also compensate for fall in prices by applying strategies which can increase their performance levels. By so doing, the company will be able to under price its com petitors despite the level of competition. In other words, the company will manage to lower its prices and still retain its profitability. From this discussion, it is clear that there is a need for organizations to propose the development of success culture; a culture where every employee is committed to the success of an organization. One of the way through which this could be done is through modification of day to day working procedure. For instance, Nielson may decide to make some modifications on how the company conducts its research. This adjustment may lead to improvement of the services provided by its clients. It is also recommended to facilitate effective communication in an organization. This will significantly help in improving the level of efficiency in the organization. Consequently, the organization will manage to sustain itself in a competitive world. Works Cited Anonymous. â€Å"The Marketing Mix (The 4 P’s of Marketing).† Quickmba, 1999. Web. Bungert, Michael. Termination of Price Wars: A Signaling Approach. Germany: DUV, 2003. Frost, Peter. Reframing Organizational Culture. California: SAGE, 1991. Nielson. â€Å"History.† Nielsen. Web. Pezzullo, Mary. Marketing Financial Services. U.S.A.: Kogan Page Publishers. 1998. Plante. â€Å"How to Create Strong Organizational  Culture.† Marissa Phillips, 2009. Web. Schein, Edgar. Organizational Culture and Leadership. San Francisco: John Wiley and Sons, 2004. Silk, Alvin. What is marketing? U.S.A.: Harvard Business Press, 2006. Trehan, Mukesh and Trehan, Ranju. Advertising and Sales Management. New Delhi: FK Publications, 2009. Tuto2. â€Å"Promotion – introduction to the promotional mix.† tutor2u, 2011. Web. This research paper on The Nielsen Company: Problems and Challenges in Saudi Arabian Market was written and submitted by user Aubrey Goff to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sex Education Class Compared to Science Class

Free Essays on Proibition

The 1920’s are often described as the decade of contrast and conflicts. It was a decade that some would say was the worst decade in American history. The 18th amendment to the constitution was passed by congress in 1917. It was ratified by three fourths of the states by 1919. This amendment prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages within the boundaries of the United States of America. Prohibition was officially underway. The Volsted Act of 1919 defined an alcoholic beverage clearly as any beverage with an alcoholic content of greater than .5 %. This made it illegal to sell and manufacture all liquor and beer. (Shultz 1) Prohibition was a phenomenon during the 20’s. It was not however the first campaign against alcohol, but it was by far the most successful. There had been numerous anti-alcohol campaigns during the colonial period. None of which were as successful as the national prohibition laws in the 20’s. For example in 1851 the Maine Law prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcohol in the state of Maine. By 1855 thirteen other states had adopted similar laws. During the Civil War alcoholic beverages were not allowed in the union army as a way to ration grain. Leaders of the social movements tried to justify their views against alcohol with scientific evidence. Temperance advocates founded the Scientific Temperance Journal after the Civil War. Children’s textbooks depicted human organs degenerating from and over abundance of alcoholic beverages being consumed. In the 1870’s the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) promoted the use of public education for the cause of temperance. They were very successful with that. By 1902 every state and territory except for Arizona had a law requiring temperance instruction in public schools. They argued that immigrants were inferior to the Americans because they allow their children to drink alcohol at an early age. They WCTU fought... Free Essays on Proibition Free Essays on Proibition The 1920’s are often described as the decade of contrast and conflicts. It was a decade that some would say was the worst decade in American history. The 18th amendment to the constitution was passed by congress in 1917. It was ratified by three fourths of the states by 1919. This amendment prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages within the boundaries of the United States of America. Prohibition was officially underway. The Volsted Act of 1919 defined an alcoholic beverage clearly as any beverage with an alcoholic content of greater than .5 %. This made it illegal to sell and manufacture all liquor and beer. (Shultz 1) Prohibition was a phenomenon during the 20’s. It was not however the first campaign against alcohol, but it was by far the most successful. There had been numerous anti-alcohol campaigns during the colonial period. None of which were as successful as the national prohibition laws in the 20’s. For example in 1851 the Maine Law prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcohol in the state of Maine. By 1855 thirteen other states had adopted similar laws. During the Civil War alcoholic beverages were not allowed in the union army as a way to ration grain. Leaders of the social movements tried to justify their views against alcohol with scientific evidence. Temperance advocates founded the Scientific Temperance Journal after the Civil War. Children’s textbooks depicted human organs degenerating from and over abundance of alcoholic beverages being consumed. In the 1870’s the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) promoted the use of public education for the cause of temperance. They were very successful with that. By 1902 every state and territory except for Arizona had a law requiring temperance instruction in public schools. They argued that immigrants were inferior to the Americans because they allow their children to drink alcohol at an early age. They WCTU fought... Free Essays on Proibition The 1920’s are often described as the decade of contrast and conflicts. It was a decade that some would say was the worst decade in American history. The 18th amendment to the constitution was passed by congress in 1917. It was ratified by three fourths of the states by 1919. This amendment prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages within the boundaries of the United States of America. Prohibition was officially underway. The Volsted Act of 1919 defined an alcoholic beverage clearly as any beverage with an alcoholic content of greater than .5 %. This made it illegal to sell and manufacture all liquor and beer. (Shultz 1) Prohibition was a phenomenon during the 20’s. It was not however the first campaign against alcohol, but it was by far the most successful. There had been numerous anti-alcohol campaigns during the colonial period. None of which were as successful as the national prohibition laws in the 20’s. For example in 1851 the Maine Law prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcohol in the state of Maine. By 1855 thirteen other states had adopted similar laws. During the Civil War alcoholic beverages were not allowed in the union army as a way to ration grain. Leaders of the social movements tried to justify their views against alcohol with scientific evidence. Temperance advocates founded the Scientific Temperance Journal after the Civil War. Children’s textbooks depicted human organs degenerating from and over abundance of alcoholic beverages being consumed. In the 1870’s the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) promoted the use of public education for the cause of temperance. They were very successful with that. By 1902 every state and territory except for Arizona had a law requiring temperance instruction in public schools. They argued that immigrants were inferior to the Americans because they allow their children to drink alcohol at an early age. They WCTU fought...

Climate change is man-made and governments should take measures to Essay

Climate change is man-made and governments should take measures to control it. To what extent do you agree with this claim - Essay Example Other interest groups, including environmentalists insist that climate change is purely attributed to the activities of man. This paper shall discuss the thesis that: climate change is man-made and governments should take measures to control it. The extent to which I agree with this claim will be assessed in this paper. Majority of the factors which contribute to climate change is man-made, and other factors are natural. Taken together, the impact of climate change is very much significant. Admittedly, the earth is warming, with most of the excess heat impacting our oceans. Our oceans serve as repository for our excess heat (Hansen, et.al., 2005). The oceans however generally have a significant capacity for absorbing heat and as such, the oceans are considered thermodynamically stable, not easily impacted by other elements. In order to effect change, any activity would have to include long-term and continuous phenomenon (Hansen, et.al., 2005). The warming of the earth is therefore being experienced over a prolonged and sustained period of time. Data supports the fact that the oceans are warming up and have gradually been warming up since the 1950s. Global warming is not caused by the increase in the internal geothermal natural heating or the heat from human activity (Willis, et.al., 2008). It is also not caused by external sources. The internal and external sources of heating have been discounted. A firm conclusion which can be drawn is that the increase in global temperature is caused by stored heat in the environment over a period of years. Any increase in the heat input would cause a rise in heat sent off into space. Such heat is not considered in measuring the increase in ocean temperature (Willis, et.al., 2008). In effect, the added source of heat needed to lead to global warming has to be higher that is considered and no source of additional

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Face Of Our Time - Research Paper Example Similarly, Muholi portrays visually, the identity of the black people that are mostly segregated in her home country - South Africa. Aue Sobol gives a combination of observations that are experienced by hunting culture of the rural community in the Arctic Village with portraits that show intimacy of Sabine, his girlfriend. Finally, Misrach give pictures of the graffiti that were left behind immediately after the Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans. This paper is going to highlight the common interests that the five photographers had in depicting the actual look of the global happenings and phenomena, as well as what instructed and resonated me. The photographs paint the real picture of the world as it is. The photographs showing situation as it is. The exhibition â€Å"Face of Our Time† is introduced by neatly done picture of an African woman staring at the photographer while her lips are pursed seems to be upset. Her eyes are not clearly seen since they are under some shade, hen ce making it almost impossible to clearly figure out her actual state, or even her real self. However, her mode of living is overtly written on her photograph â€Å"I am a whore† (Curiel). ... It is imperative to note that the photographs are of real people of the world who are in dire need of help. Furthermore, the photographers have mixed feelings about their own photographs. Surprisingly, these photographers are always perturbed by the situation around the globe and they normally take these pictures in order to enlighten the world about certain conditions. The photographers have premonitions that they go against other people’s rights when they take such pictures. Therefore, they tend to think it is not a good idea to photograph volatile political and economic situations. For instance, Goldberg remarks that he is frightened to take pictures because he tends to feel that he is violating people’s rights. He informed the various individuals who came to hear him during the SFOMOMA exhibition that he is afraid to go into the world to take pictures (Curiel). He covers long distances to Africa from San Francisco and actively allows his subjects to participate in h is work by giving them opportunities to write on his otherwise Polaroid pictures. Notably, Goldberg took photographs of the prostitute and a Senegalese farmer who aspired to illegally migrate to Europe due to adverse economic situation in Senegal. The farmer did not get the opportunity to travel to Europe for better economic situation; he ended up landing in Libya and worked as a forced laborer. The photograph depicts a farmer herding his flock in a street full of garbage in Senegal. His experiences are narrated in the horizon. However, even though Goldberg thinks he violates other people’s rights, these people he photographed autographed his pictures, thus showing they allowed

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The Christian Faith Is Intrinsically Missionary Religion Essay

The Christian Faith Is Intrinsically Missionary Religion Essay David Bosch in his book Transforming Mission makes the point that The Christian faith, I submit, is intrinsically missionaryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ this dimension of the Christian faith is not an optional task: Christianity is missionary by its very nature or it denies its very raison detre  [1]  . The author makes us understand as Christian Youth workers it is a fundamental requirement of our belief for us to engage in the mission of God by been a witness to the world. Gods mission which he gave to us in Matthew 28 known as the great commission must be the key and driving force behind the work we do with our young people. As youth workers we need to be aware that in order to fulfil the great commission we need to develop ourselves biblically and have a passion to evangelise every young people in our local community as well as the whole world. Bosch stated that There is church because there is mission and not vice versa.  [2]  Through its nature and vocation, the church is a missionary community; hence mission is intrinsic to the very life and calling of the church. Moltmann also argues in support of Bosch that Mission does not come from the church; it is from mission that the church has to be understood.  [3]  Hence our youth club or group exist due to Gods wider mission. Our youth group needs to understand that we are called to be the agent of Gods missionary task in whatever community we find ourselves and as quoted by Bosch God is a miss ionary God, Gods people are a missionary people.  [4]  Folmsbee also argues in support of Bosch that Mission is an attribute of God thats best understood from Gods narrative. God is a missionary God, and therefore mission must be seen as Gods movement into the world. Thats the exact opposite of how its often viewed, which is that mission is the primary activity of the church.  [5]  In order to sustain their faith in the mission and in Gods work, those in the ministry believe that the mission work belongs to God and that they are simply his instruments working in the world. In order to discuss how the evangelistic task directed at young people fits into Gods wider mission, we need to have a clear understanding of what mission is using Bosch as the main reference point by unpacking his quote The Christian faith is intrinsically missionary. This essay will be looking at a variety of sources drawn from the Bible and Christian literature to establish what is Gods wider mission, how we can tailor our assignment toward the young people using Christ ministry as the model for our outreach programme in the Christian youth work. What is Mission? Bosch stated the term mission assumes a sender, a person or persons sent by the sender, those to whom one is sent, and an assignment.  [6]  In the book of John 20: 21, we see the missionary mandate of Jesus which he passed to his own disciple As the Father has sent me, I am sending you.  [7]  Christianity has always been an evangelical religion, where believer go out into the wider world and spread the message of the Gospel in order to bring all of humanity into the kingdom of Heaven. Ever since the fall, Gods mission on earth is to return a fallen mankind to his presence, fully redeemed. Thus, He sent Jesus to earth to minister to the people before being sacrificed for the sins of the world. In the word of Bosch while citing the work of Herings, mission is, quite simply, the participation of Christians in the liberating mission of Jesus, wagering on a future that verifiable experience seems to belie. It is the good news of Gods love, incarnated in the witnes s of a community, for the sake of the world.  [8]  Frost Hirsch supported Boschs argument by stating we will see the church differently no longer as a religious institution but as a community of Jesus followers devoted to participating in his mission.  [9]  As youth worker we need to begin to see our work with the young people as us participating in the mission of God by fulfilling the work of reconciliation and restoration of all creation back to Him and also bringing hope to the world. Any aim different from this thus means that God is not at the centre of our mission but us trying to do our own agenda. It is okay for youth workers to have an agenda but the sole purpose must be for our young people to encounter the good news, Booker writes we need à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦to try to connect our missions with Gods agenda and activity in mission  [10]  . It is very vital that as youth workers that we are very clear about what the mission of God is all about before we engage the yo ung people in it. Bosch referring to Aagaard writes Mission was understood as being derived from the very nature of God. It was thus put in the context of the doctrine of the Trinity, not ecclesiology or soteriology. The classical doctrine on the mission Dei as God the Father sending the Son, and God the Father and the Son sending the Spirit was expanded to include yet another movement: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit sending the church into the world.  [11]  Hirsch Frost argues that we need to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦through the paradigm of the mission Dei to find the sent and sending God.  [12]  As part of the evangelistic task, youth workers need to beginning to help the young people find God through Jesus in the work that they do with them, through the teaching, worship, prayer and all our activities. A classic example that the youth worker can use will be the Lords prayer in Matthew 6 vs 9 -13, Jesus taught his disciple how to see the father through the model of prayer. In the pluralistic society there is a need to get the young people to believe in the word of God. However, in an age of rising secularism, the current focus of the youth worker is to reach out to the young people before they completely form a secular/humanist belief system or get taken in by other faiths in their search for meaning. Youth worker need to help the young person to know how to belong in order to get a taster of the relationship with Jesus because in belonging they encounter God which is the whole purpose of the mission Dei.  [13]   The Christian mission is about incarnation and crucifixion, and they both go hand in hand. Incarnation is about meeting people were they are with the gospel of the cross. God showed us the example to follow when he sent his Son into the world to pay the price for our sin. The gospel of John chapter 1:14 states The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us. the one and only Son, who came from the Father, full of grace and truth  [14]  Hirsch stated if Gods central way of reaching his world was to incarnate himself in Jesus, then our way of reaching the world should likewise be incarnational  [15]  As youth workers, we need to begin to identify with the young people we are working with or trying to reach by moving into their world so that we are able to clearly see their challenges and struggles in order to know how to effectively direct our missional task of reaching them for God. Frost argues that we must take seriously the call to live incarnationally-right up close, near to those whom God desires to redeem.  [16]  This was further argued by Hirsch(s) that as youth worker we need to move out of our normal religious zones into our local community and be part of it, this may mean going into the school or anywhere were the young people gathers and guide them to find the redeeming grace of God.  [17]  As stated by Dave Newton, we need to get alongside young people and their needs in order to demonstrate Gods love.  [18]  The youth workers will work with them rather than work for them in their journey of making a decision regarding faith. According to Bosch, The churches, by and large have an underdeveloped theology of the incarnation [while] the churches of the east have always taken the incarnation more seriously  [19]  mission Dei has now been submerged under the liberation theology. The liberation theology is about the people to the structure while incarnation theology is for both the unique message of Christ and the messenger to be incarnated within the culture being reached. Paul summarise the incarnational message in 1 Corinthian 9: 19-23 that for the sake of the gospel he will become all things to every tribe, people or culture as long as he is able to win as many as possible. Graham Cray writes Youth ministry has become a matter of cross-cultural mission. It involves entering into the young peoples world and honouring them by taking it as seriously as they do.  [20]  As youth workers, we need to be creative and imaginative in our missionary work amongst the young people, in the way we present the message of the cross to them; we need to help them to find Christ [were they are] and equip them to be agents of his kingdom.  [21]  The whole message of the New Testament is Christ making an effect on humanity through the redemptive power of redemption. John 3:16 show us how the ever giving God through incarnation brought Christ out to the whole world. In summary, Incarnational ministry essentially mea ns taking the church to the people, rather than bringing people to the church.  [22]  We dont have to do church the way we have always done it  [23]  , youth workers needs to take the gospel to the place where our young people are based in our local community [most especially in the current changing trend in youth culture] that is church needs to be done inside out as the previous trend of let them come to us will not work with the current culture. Mission as Evangelism is essential for creating communities of believers. Bosch gives a good definition of evangelism when he writes Mission includes evangelism as one of its essential dimensions. Evangelism is the proclamation of salvation in Christ to those who do not believe in him, calling them to repentance and conversion, announcing forgiveness of sin, and inviting them to become living members of Christs earthly community and to begin a life of service to others in the power of the Holy Spirit  [24]  25Paul, in his ministry, ensured that the new Christian community would have a solid ethical and moral framework for making decisions. In a world where religious competition was extremely high (with the large number of pagan cults), a theological framework was absolutely necessary to spread the Christian faith that way, parents could be the first to evangelize their young people and pass a complete model of faith downward through the generations. It is possible that such a com plete framework led to the eventual dominance of Christianity in Europe and its endurance in modern times when there was no longer any threat of convert or be killed and pagans are no longer burned at the stake. The thoroughness of Pauls mission practice is that he was not content merely with evangelism and church planting but was concerned to build mature communities of believers who could think biblically through the ethical issues they faced in the ambient culture.  [26]  Bosch was very clear when he said that Evangelism is only possible when the community that evangelizes is a radiant manifestation of the Christian faith and exhibits an attractive lifestyle.  [27]  Our youth people do not just want to hear words from us but wants to see us live out our lifestyle in a way that attracts them to the faith we are proclaiming. James 2 verse 18 But someone will say, You have faith; I have deeds. Show me your faith without deeds, and I will show you my faith by what I do.  [2 8]   Youth workers need to understand that for their missionary task towards the young people to have impact, relationships must be developed amongst the young people. Jesus our role model kept reminding us of the relationship he had with his own Father, the whole of his ministry on earth flowed from this relationship with the people he encounter (Christians and non Christians alike) as well as his disciples. The whole of the New Testament shows us that relationship is very important in our mission to impact the life of our neighbours and to reconcile the broken relationship with the Father. Sudworth et al citing Mike Breen writes, Relationships are the only means we have of enabling and encouraging young people to reach maturity in their physical, emotional, social and spiritual lives.  [29]  Youth workers need create an environment or community where they could practice the presence right under the young peoples noses; we need to look for ways to make God present for the young peopl e we are serving. Hirsh made us understand presence highlights the role of relationships in mission. If relationship is the key means in the transfer of the gospel, then it simply means we are going to have to be directly present to the people in our circle. Our very lives are our message and we cannot take ourselves out of the equation of mission.  [30]   The kingdom of God was central to Christ wider mission. Word Count: 5438

Continental Airlines Essay -- Economics Finance Business

1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Continental Airlines, like other companies in the airline industry, is a volatile organization. However, Continental has many strengths that have allowed it to prevail through tough times and avoid complete ruin. The CEO of Continental Airlines played an important role in reviving the company. His â€Å"Go Forward Plan† vocalized the strategy of the company and focused on every aspect of the organization. Continental has a well-defined target market, providing services to upper-class and business travelers. The company has also been able to operate in the face of adversity (such as 9/11) due to effective decision-making. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The weaknesses that have plagued Continental Airlines include low morale which prohibited workers from accepting the new company strategy. The company also experienced financial difficulties with large amounts of debts and regularly operating at a loss. Continental has also limited its customer base by offering only more pricey flights, even in times of low demand. Finally, Continental faces high operating costs as a result of in-flight meals and other amenities. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fortunately, there are several opportunities in the airline industry of which companies will be able to take advantage. First, the airline industry is reviving and passenger levels are now returning to pre-9/11 status. Companies can offer high degrees of service and reduce costs through the use of the Internet, such as online ticket sales, flight seating charts, and plane infor...

Mother and Parent

Daniel Pelayo Professor Nathifa Tomb English 1B 6 March 2013 The Ideal Parent: Brightening a Childs Future Parenting is a big part of every ones lives; it makes up who you are as a person and in many cases projects who you will be in the future. Some adults have trouble manipulating their children and teaching them what is right from wrong, while others have a much easier time doing so. In my opinion there is no such thing as â€Å"the perfect parent†, both the mother and the father have their flaws, but what matters is that the parent is always there for personal support.To me a good parent is someone who is always there to support there children in both good and bad terms, and a responsible adult that can supply for their kids necessities, not necessarily all the luxuries that they want. Another key point to being a good parent is to be a good leader, all kids look up to their parents and most of the time follow their parents footsteps and part of being a good leader is bein g a hard worker. A parent that is supportive, responsible, and a leader and hard worker all make up to be a great parent in my opinion.In the stories Scar by Amy Tan, My Fathers Hands by Daisy Hernandez, and the poems Those Winter Sundays by Robert Hayden, No Longer a Teenager by Gerald Locklin all tie up to the universal theme of good parenting. Even though some characters in the story struggle to be the perfect parent they desire to be, some are successful in doing so while others just cannot do their duty. Having support from a parent is a corner stone in a kids life growing up, without the support of their closest relative life can be a struggle growing up. In the poem No Longer a Teenager, Gerald Locklin narrates, literature and opera are full of characters who die for love: i stay alive for her. † (35-37) The father implies that unconditionally of the situation he will always be there to support and give love to his daughter. In this poem love and support is a big theme, showing the strong bond between the father and the daughter still after her teenage years gives a great amount of respect to the father. Supporting children from a very young age can definitely shape up the future of a young kid. On the other hand in the story Scar by Amy Tan, â€Å"I felt unlucky that she was my mother and unlucky that she had left us.These were the thoughts I had while hiding in the corner of my room where my father could not watch me† (292). An-mei the main character had no support from her mother growing up as she abandoned her own family and kids. The author Tan states this in a way that the child almost feels lonely, dull, and unhappy, which can be the outcome of no parental support. The different mindsets of the parents are well established, one parent has been there to support their kid since birth while the other one was there for a couple of years and then abandoned her child.This plays a big role in these kids mind because not having the support t hey need can be the difference between love and shame in a parent-child relationship. Next, responsibility is one thing most parents try to educate their kids about as they are growing up. Having a responsible parent can be the difference between having a good, comfortable childhood, and having a rough, complicated life growing up. In the poem â€Å"Those Winter Sundays† by Robert Hayden â€Å"Speaking indifferently to him. who had driven out the cold and polished my good shoes as well† (10-13) shows a great level of responsibility from the dad.Getting up early to do all the necessary for the child to have a nice easy morning makes his kid life much easier and happier. Taking responsibilities for their kids and their own personal lives can benefit both the parent and child in the long run. On the contrary in the story â€Å"My fathers Hands† by Daisy Hernandez, the child in the story has more of a complicated and rough childhood. â€Å"I’d get home and c hange from my catholic uniform to my McD’s one. If I worked enough hours, I made as much as my mother did at the factory†(412) states Hernandez. This quote illustrates the more complicated version of a very young teenage girl.The father is un-employed and the mother is making the same amount as her teenage daughter. This shows a lack of responsibility coming from both parents because at this age the parents should be concerned about the daughter going to school and both parents should have a job accounted for. The irresponsibility’s of the parents can affect a child from a young age, not only does it complicates the life of the kid, but the parents do a poor job of teaching a child the values of being responsible. One parent shows responsibilities for their kids while the other parent shows no remorse for her daughter.Finally, being a leader and a hard worker not only in your children’s lives but also in society is what makes a huge difference between a gr eat parent and a mediocre parent. Showing a child the values of leadership and hard work can make a kids future that much better. A parent that holds these two characteristics and is able to put them to use in society will not only be a great example for their kids, but a superb example of a great parent. In the poem â€Å"Those Winter Sundays†, Hayden illustrates the hard work and leadership this father puts in for the family to have a nice comfortable living. Sundays too my father got up early and put his clothes on in the blueblack cold, then with cracked hands that ached from labor in the weekday weather made banked fires blaze. No one ever thanked him. † (1-5) This stanza shows the fathers hard work, he worries about the family and the kid and wants noting but the best for them. Hayden states that the father works and serves the family seven days a week, making him a superb father figure and even though the family members do not appreciate everything he does for th e family he is doing a good deed.Unlike the mother in â€Å"Scar† by Tan she was never much of a leader to her daughter or son. â€Å"Who is this ghost?†¦.. If you take your daughter, she will become like you. No face. Never able to lift up her head†(294). This line emphasizes the fact that the mother was never there as a parental figure, in a way she is a disgrace to her daughter because she never taught her the meanings of life and was never there to support her daughter and be a leader for her daughter.Tan states under the surface that it is better for her to leave her daughter behind because she did not race her and they both have different moral beliefs. She cannot be a leader to her daughter and from a child’s point of view not having a leader to follow and grow up with can make a child dread of unhappiness. One parent does the right thing to serve their family and be a leader and a hard working parent to teach their kids about life, while the other p arent was never really there to even talk to the child.In conclusion, having a parental figure guide a child through life by showing them key characteristics and the essence of life will benefit the child much more. The characteristics that a great parent should have is to support the children at all times, be a responsible adult, and be a leader and demonstrate hard workmanship so the kid can follow ones foot steps and continue thriving through life. No parent is perfect but most parents have what it takes to be a successful parental icon in their child’s life. What characteristics do you think a good parent carries?Works Cited Badillo, Jose, and Mrs. Fay Lee. â€Å"Scar. † : By Amy Tan. 1302 Composition and Rhetoric II, 24 Sept. 2009. Web. 06 Mar. 2013. Gerald Locklin. â€Å"The Writer's Almanac with Garrison Keillor. † No Longer A Teenager by Gerald Locklin. The Writers Almanac, 18 July 2002. Web. 06 Mar. 2013. Hayden, Robert. â€Å"Those Winter Sundays. â⠂¬  – Poets. org. Academy Of American Poets, 23 May 1966. Web. 06 Mar. 2013. Hernandez, Daisy. â€Å"My Father's Hands A « Daisy Hernandez. † Daisy Hernandez. Daisy Hernandez, 13 July 2005. Web. 06 Mar. 2013.

Defenses to Persuade the Jury essays

Defenses to Persuade the Jury essays There have been many defenses used to try to persuade the jury to a verdict of not guilty. They include: gay panic defense, urban psychosis, battered woman, sleepwalking, and postpartum. The validity of these defenses is not always very great and the application is not always very wise. The gay panic defense was used in the trial of Matthew Sheppard. One of his alleged murderers said that after Matthew Sheppard sexually advanced him, it brought out of him repressed memories of homosexual sexual abuse in his childhood, which drove him to kill Matthew Sheppard. As a defense this is not a legitimate one because the intention of killing was still present. Whether it be incited by bad memories or whether it is out of pure anger, then intention of murder was still there. Applied to the Sheppard case, there is no question that it is a useless one. The murderer was the party that accosted Sheppard, and after they knocked him unconscious, they drove him a long ways away, tied him to a post and then beat him to death. The intention and the planning were both there no matter what defense was used. Urban psychosis is another illegitimate defense. The idea that a person can be excluded from a crime because of his upbringing is ridiculous. The fact that an individual was brought up in a urban setting filled with violence does not excuse the defendant from a crime. Mens Rea dictates that act and intent are both necessary in order for a crime to take place. A supposed defendant and victim of urban psychosis still has both act and intent. Although it becomes more unclear whether the individual can or cannot distinguish between right and wrong, the fact remains that the defendant still had every intention of killing someone. The use of battered woman defense is a very reasonable one. The fact is that battered woman is based on the idea that these women killed their husbands because they themselves have been victims of domestic abuse or physica...

DEFINITE FINAL Titanicfinal Essay

DEFINITE FINAL Titanicfinal Essay DEFINITE FINAL Titanicfinal Essay TITANIC THE CLASSES: HOPES AND DREAMS LOST AT SEA The RMS Titanic was the greatest, most luxurious ship of its time. The ship was proclaimed â€Å"unsinkable† as God himself could not sink her.1 She was known as the â€Å"ship of dreams.†2 The passengers of the Titanic were so excited and proud to be sailing on such a great ship. They felt their dreams were finally coming true because they had managed to get a ticket on the greatest ship of its time, and were sailing to America where all their hopes of a new and better life would be. Just being on this magnificent ship would be the adventure of a lifetime. On April 10, 1912, a total of 2,222 people boarded the Titanic. The list of those aboard the Titanic included 325 in First Class, 285 in Second Class, 706 in Third Class, and 885 crew members.3 First Class included the wealthiest, most important members of the upper class. Most of them were â€Å"businessmen, politicians, high-ranking military personnel, industrialists, bankers and professional athletes.†4 How much they paid for their ticket depended on the size of their cabins.5 The cost of the cabins were approximately $2,500 dollars, and the most expensive rooms being around $103,000, but only the upper class could buy a First Class ticket. The First Class passengers were the passengers sailing for the â€Å"thrill of adventure†,6 and something that would make them seem important to others when they talked about it. First Class was total luxury with private dining rooms, reception room, restaurant, lounge, reading and writing room, smoking room, turkish baths, gyms, and squash courts. The grand staircase was the best feature of the ship. It was built through seven decks of the ship and had a dome glass top that showed natural light. The staircase le d the way to the entrance halls like the First Class Reception Room7, the main meeting area for First Class. It was a very lavish way for those who wanted â€Å"to make an entrance.†8 The Titanic was built with the wealthy in mind. They were told it had the modern luxuries of a floating hotel. However, as they explored, they discovered luxuries not even known in palaces.9 Dining in First Class was also very luxurious. The expensive china was placed neatly on each table, while stewards waited on their every need and served them from a great menu. First Class aboard the Titanic was nothing more than pure luxury. Second Class was the smallest group on the Titanic and was often referred to as the â€Å"leisure class.†10 A ticket in Second Class was approximately $60.00.11 The Second Class passengers were working people like professors, authors, clergymen and tourist. Many of these passengers were going to America for new jobs. Others were planning on making the return voyage on the Titanic. Second Class had their own dining room with less expensive china and music to entertain them. The cabins had either two or four beds, and were like the standard rooms in First Class but not as big or luxurious. Many Second Class passengers shared rooms to keep the cost low.12 The library was used by both men and women and also as a â€Å"tea room.† There was even an elevator which was unheard of for second class passengers. Second Class may not have been as luxurious at First Class, but the Second Class passengers where just as happy to be on this magnificent ship to begin their new dreams. Third Class was the most interesting group. The ticket cost for this class was between $15.00 - $40.00. Tickets for Third Class could be purchased for individuals as well as for families which made it even cheaper. This group was mainly families immigrating to the United States from Sweden, Ireland, Belgium and England. Many of them sold everything they had to get tickets aboard the Titanic.13 Their accommodations were not luxurious, but were better than on most ships. There were cabins that slept two to ten